This led to a series of watersharing negotiations that ultimately culminated in the indus water treaty iwt brokered by the world bank. Chenab is 960 km 597 mi long and its average annual flow is estimated to be. Due to the complex geopolitical situation between virtually every country in the world, it s not surprising that the environment is dragged into it. Mar 29, 2016 indus water treaty it is the eastern distribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank then the international bank for reconstruction and development. The treaty was signed by the then prime minister jawaharlal nehru and pakistans president ayub khan. Per article i of iwt, any river tributary and its catchment area of indus system of. Water issues and its implications over indiapakistan. India has always dealt with security and water issues separately with pakistan. All along pakistans policy has been to avoid any direct bilateral settlement with india and to seek third party intervention. Indus water dispute was and is sought to be used by pakistan as a political tool in the indopak dual over kashmir.
Oct 03, 2016 the historic indus water treaty is seen as a cornerstone of peaceful cooperation in water sharing around the world. The indus waters treaty iwt was signed in karachi on 19 september 1960 by jawaharlal nehru and then ayub khan. The indus waters treaty is a water sharing agreement between india and pakistan signed in 1960. Iwra 76 woodstock close oxford ox2 8dd united kingdom abstract for many arid and semiarid countries, international water bodies are the only new additional sources of water that could be economically developed to meet their ever increasing water requirements. Indus water treaty pakistan has one of the largest canal. Agrarian economies especially depend on natural waters for food and energy. Article iii 2 7 besides, under article ii on eastern rivers, pakistan was permitted by way of exception to take water for domestic use. Eighty percent of its agricultural output comes from the indus basin. What if india breaks indus water treaty with pakistan. The indus water treaty was created to lessen and manage any tensions that might arise from the use of the indus river and its tributaries. Sep 21, 2016 i am reposting the answer i wrote for a similar question. Abstract water from river indus and its tributaries in the indus river basin is the lifeline of people living.
Simplified the indus waters treaty iwt deals with river. The indus water treaty iwt was signed in karachi on 19 september. The very act is inhumane because it does not punis. The treaty was signed at the behest of world bank at karachi. The indus waters treaty is a watersharing agreement between india and pakistan signed in 1960. Water experts say the treaty seems to have at least survived because india is not talking about withdrawing from it. After prolonged talks between the governments of india and pakistan, the iwt was signed in september 1960 with world bank standing guarantee for any dispute resolution. Indus water treaty pakistan is an agricultural country. Water of six rivers beas, ravi, sutlej, indus, chenab and jhelum were to be shared between the two countries.
Signed on 27 no vember, 2 and 23 december 1960 official text. Sep 26, 2016 one such hottopic in the recent days has been the reemergence of the indus water treaty between india and pakistan. Even amongst those 2, india has a 30% not sure about this of. Pakistan, india and world bank agreed on indus water treaty iwt in 1960. The historic indus water treaty is seen as a cornerstone of peaceful cooperation in water sharing around the world. Pakistan is highly reliant upon the water of the indus and fears that india could use this to its strategic advantage as its headwaters pass totally through india. Why abrogation of the indus water treaty is not in indias.
India, pakistan, kashmir conflict, indus water treaty, its impacts. Current affairs for ias indus water treaty and analysis. The world bank the erstwhile international bank for reconstruction and development brokered the treaty and is also a party to it. Dec 22, 2016 water experts say the treaty seems to have at least survived because india is not talking about withdrawing from it.
The waterdistribution treaty was signed by prime minister jawaharlal nehru and pakistan president ayub khan in september 1960. Indias move has started a major discussion among the people about the indus water treaty and what it entails. Effect of indus water treaty on economy of pakistan introduction to rivers the indus system of rivers comprises of the main river indus, known as the river sindhu in sanskrit, and its five tributaries from the east, the jhelum, chenab, ravi, sutlej and the beas, and three tributaries from the west, the kabul, swat and the kurram rivers. Now the other thing we were talking about irrigation before, pakistan on the indus river has the largest irrigation network in the world. Therefore the economy is heavily dependent on the indus river system. Not respecting the treaty, may invite global condemnation to india as the treaty is an international agreement. This was a treaty signed in 1960, dividing control of the indus river and its tributaries between the two countries. The chapter will analyse the veracity of pakistans claim on the indus water treaty being unequal as it affects its economy and sovereignity.
Indus originates in china and if the country decides to divert the indus, india would lose over 35% of its river water. India also blames pakistan for its water woes that india says are emanating from poor management of water resources. Indias economy, its challenges, opportunities, and impact. Agreement provisions do not affect the iwt in any way per its article xi3. Water rationality is a state s decision to secure its water supply for the long run in terms of quantity and quality. Riparian states have opportunities of harvesting water, power and agriculture by. One example of such international cooperation over shared water is the indus waters treaty, signed in 1960 by india and pakistan. As pakistan and india concluded their twoday water talks here on friday, the world bank, which is mediating the talks, said the meetings were part of a process to safeguard benefits. According to the agreement, control over the 3 eastern. Sep 27, 2016 the waterdistribution treaty was signed by prime minister jawaharlal nehru and pakistan president ayub khan in september 1960.
Seen as one of the most successful international treaties, it has survived frequent tensions. The world bank is a signatory as a third party provisions. All you need to know about india, pakistan water dispute internationally, the indus water treaty is seen as one of the most successful cases of conflict resolution especially considering the fact that it has stayed in place despite the two countries having been engaged in four wars. This thesis aims to challenge the indus waters treaty. This is an important treaty and one of the most successful watersharing agreements till date. Sep 24, 2016 what is indus water treaty find information about indus water treaty between india and pakistan history, provision, impact on state economy, why was the agreement signed, can india abrogate it. Sep 27, 2016 the indus water treaty iwt is a water sharing arrangement, signed in karachi on september 19, 1960, by then prime minster jawaharlal nehru and pakistans president general ayub khan. Broadly, according to this treaty, waters of the three western rivers the jhelum, the chenab, and the indus itself were allocated to pakistan, and those of the three eastern rivers the ravi, the beas. Pakistan has one of the worlds largest canal systems built much before independence by the british. The treaty was signed in karachi on september 19, 1960 by the then indian prime minister jawaharlal nehru and the then president of pakistan field marshal mohammad ayub khan. This is an important treaty and one of the most successful water sharing agreements till date.
Jun 01, 2006 with pakistan securing world banks intervention by having appointed a neutral expert, raymond lafitte from switzerland, to adjudicate its dispute with india over the 450 mw baglihar hydropower project on the chenab river in doda district of jammu and kashmir, the 45 years old indus waters treaty has once again come into the focus of national and international attention. Indus waters treaty iwt iwt is waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan which was brokered by world bank then the international bank for reconstruction and development. Water scarcity and the indiapakistan indus water treaty. It is an important topic for the upsc exam as it features in the news whenever indopak relations are discussed.
And the decision to sign the treaty seemed rational to both countries as pakistan felt threatened by indias upstream developments on river sutlej and india sought to. With pakistan securing world banks intervention by having appointed a neutral expert, raymond lafitte from switzerland, to adjudicate its dispute with india over the 450 mw baglihar hydropower project on the chenab river in doda district of jammu and kashmir, the 45 years old indus waters treaty has once again come into the focus of national and international attention. In spite of its positional advantage, india has in the past discounted water as a military tool, even in times of war. But, they believe, maximising use of water from the western rivers in the indus. The government of pakistan agrees that, on the ratification of the indus waters treaty 1960, the document on the canal water dispute signed at new delhi on 4th may 1948 of which a copy is annexed hereto and the rights and obligations of either party thereto claimed under, or arising out of, that document shall be without effect as from 1st. Oct 02, 2016 why abrogation of the indus water treaty is not in indias interest the present attempt to link security concerns with the sharing of waters would complicate the relations with pakistan and might set off a spiral of discontent. Pakistani government sources, the design of the dam could affect the quantity of. Treaty iwt, and its threats to block rivers to pakistan will also be. How important are the indus basin rivers in the economy and life of the. For 56 years, both india and pakistan are peacefully sharing the water of indus and its tributaries, thanks to the indus water treaty. Division of subcontinent in 1947 created a new international boundary which cut across the river system between india and pakistan.
It will also consider the weak political establishment of pakistan and try to draw out future scenarios in which a conflict on water may lead to a larger armed conflict between the two countries. The conclusion of the indus water treaty was an achievement for both india and. It deals with sharing of water of indus water system having six rivers beas, ravi, sutlej, indus, chenab and jhelum between the two countries. India, pakistan and international bank for reconstruction and development the indus waters treaty 1960 with annexes. Secretary water resources division arif ahmed khan is leading the pakistani delegation, which includes secretary of water and power yousuf naseem khokhar, high commissioner of indus waters treaty. Cohen has observed, the indus waters treaty is a model for future regional cooperation, especially on energy, environmental concerns, and even the management of the region. Due to restrictions of indus water treaty 1960, the state of jammu and. The indus water treaty iwt is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan signed on september 19, 1960. The sharing of water of the six rivers indus, chenab, jhelum, beas, ravi and sutlej between india and pakistan is governed by a treaty the two countries signed in 1960. Water issues and its implications over indiapakistan relations. In theory, they dont have to violate the treaty to do something that could still hurt pakistan. Control over the three eastern rivers beas, ravi and sutlej was given to india while the three western rivers went to pakistan, unrestricted.
The negotiations were the initiative of former world bank president eugene black. Now, india and pakistan along the indus river have had actually had one of the most functional water treaties, the indus water treaty throughout history. Indus water treaty, is an agreement between pakistan and india which describes the division of waters and management of drainage between the two countries. India is not violating the iwt and only utilizing the amount of water allocated to it under the treaty. From conciliation to confrontation raja nazakat ali. How the indus water treaty affects india and paksitan.
The indus waters treaty is a watersharing treaty between the republic of india and islamic republic of pakistan. Oct 06, 2016 the indus water treaty iwt is a water distribution treaty between india and pakistan signed on september 19, 1960. One such hottopic in the recent days has been the reemergence of the indus water treaty between india and pakistan. A pakistani perspective on indus water treaty history essay. The permanent indus commission pic is a bilateral commission consisting of officials from india and pakistan, created to implement and manage the goals and objectives and outlines of the indus waters treaty iwt. The deal was brokered by the world bank after nine years of negotiation.
Pakistan may be the lower riparian state in this case, but it has exclusive rights over indus, chenab, and jhelum. The word punjab means land of five rivers and the five rivers are jhelum, chenab, ravi, beas and sutlej, all of which finally flow into the indus. India, even under modi, has till now respecting the indus water treaty. By shakil ahmad romshoo in 1948, soon after partition, india asserted for the first time its geographic advantage on controlling waters. Effects of indus water treaty on pakistans economy introduction. The main stream of the indus along with other rivers such as jhelum and chenab that flows into pakistan come from the state of jammu and kashmir. The indus river is one of the most beautiful rivers of india. The great indus river is 2880 kms long and the length of. Water treaty iwt between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank. The first sentence of the 1960 indus waters treaty states intention of treaty. The indus river system, which is the lifeline of pakistan and western india, includes the river indus and its five main branches are jhelum, chenab, ravi, beas and sutlej. Revisiting the 1960 indus waters treaty article pdf available in water international 382. The indus water treaty iwt is a water sharing arrangement, signed in karachi on september 19, 1960, by then prime minster jawaharlal nehru and pakistans president general ayub khan. Oct 29, 2015 the indus water treaty was created to lessen and manage any tensions that might arise from the use of the indus river and its tributaries.
All you need to know about india, pakistan water dispute internationally, the indus water treaty is seen as one of the most successful cases of conflict resolution especially considering the fact that it has stayed in place despite the. Together with its tributaries, the indus river forms an important river system, which helps the agricultural economy of india. Had the treaty not been signed, much of the socioeconomic. We are a responsible upper riparian state and any act of blocking indus water will result in following consequences, 1. What is indus water treaty find information about indus water treaty between india and pakistan history, provision, impact on state economy, why was.
Many reports suggest that pakistan is moving from a water stressed nation to a water scarce nation. Indus waters treaty simple english wikipedia, the free. Rural pakistanis more than half the population use irrigation water from the river for domestic purposes, even though it is unfit for drinking and a major cause of stunting and diarrhea. Indopak talks to safeguard benefits of indus waters treaty. Evaluation of historic indopak relations, water resource. Effects of indus water treaty on pakistan effects of indus. Notes from the unpublished diary of indias acting high commissioner in karachi, pakistan, during the signing of the indus water treaty in september 1960. The 3 rivers water go to india and the other 2 to pakistan. The indus waters treaty was signed in 1960 after nine years of negotiations between india and pakistan with the help of the world bank, which is also a signatory. I am reposting the answer i wrote for a similar question. Article iv 14 of iwt states that any water use developed out of the. The indus water treaty iwt was meant to reduce hostilities between india and pakistan.
That puts the lower riparian states in a naturally weaker position in terms of water use and water management. The 1960 indus water treaty between india and pakistan has survived disputes between the two countries, providing a framework for resolving disagreements over water use. The manner in which the treaty was negotiated and concluded. Effects of indus water treaty on pakistan effects of. Indus water treaty it is the eastern distribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank then the international bank for reconstruction and development. Treaty signed on sept 191960 by india prime minister jawahar lal nehru and president of pakistan ayub khan. Article iii 2 7 besides, under article ii on eastern rivers, pakistan was permitted. The indus river provides key water resources for pakistans economy especially the breadbasket of punjab province, which accounts for most of the nations agricultural production, and sindh. Both india and pakistan are facing intra state conflicts over water sharing, but the paper will limit its scope to the. The indus waters treaty is a water distribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by the world bank, to use the water available in the indus system of rivers. Signed at karachi, on 19 september 1960 protocol to the abovementioned treaty. The indus waters treaty was signed between india and pakistan in 1960, with the world.
Jan 12, 2018 they have the ability to block the water from moving down to lower riparian states. And the decision to sign the treaty seemed rational to both countries as pakistan felt threatened by indias upstream developments on river sutlej and india sought to eradicate poverty by improving irrigation. It was brokered by the world bank international bank for reconstruction and development. Water from river indus and its tributaries in the indus river basin is the. The indus waters treaty is a waterdistribution treaty between india and pakistan, brokered by. Sep 26, 2016 for 56 years, both india and pakistan are peacefully sharing the water of indus and its tributaries, thanks to the indus water treaty. Now, in the indus water treaty, india is technically not using all of the water thats allocated to them. Owing to its essential economic value and potential, the sharing of indus. Heres a historical background of the treaty and how it came into being. Pakistans economy relies heavily on agriculture but it is one of the driest countries as well with an average rainfall of under 240mm year.
The paper provides a brief overview of jammu and kashmir and presents the current power situation in the state. Water, energy and food nexus of indus water treaty. It is noteworthy that scholars argued that indus water treaty is the problem that made kashmir downtrodden because of being disputed territory, preventing the state of jammu and kashmir from. It divided six rivers flowing in northern india among the two nations. It is an international water treaty signed by two enemies, and that has lasted through two indopakistani wars to the nuclear era, in 1998, in the indian subcontinent. Pressures on the water of the indus river, the major water source for the more than 180 million persons living in pakistan, are increasing, with serious implications for the health of the population.
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